β Thursday, March 5, 2026
Good morning.
Secondaries hit $160B. IPOs are back. And VCs just learned a hard lesson.
Private markets are healing.
After 3 years of drought, liquidity is finally flowing again.

The numbers:
Secondary market: $160B (2025) vs $103B (2024) = +55%
IPO activity: 60 US IPOs in Q3 2025 (biggest since 2021)
M&A volume: Up 40% year-over-year
What changed: Interest rates. Fed cut 3 times in 2025. More cuts expected in 2026.
Why this matters: The 2021 vintage funds that have been stuck for 4 years are finally getting liquidity.
Read time: 4 minutes
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Top 3 Stories This Week
1. VCs Are Demanding Cash, Not Paper Gains
What happened:
Limited partners (LPs) are rejecting "continuation vehicles" β where GPs roll investments into new funds instead of returning cash.

The data:
20% of all 2026 distributions will be continuation vehicles (CVs).
When given the option, LPs are choosing "sell" over "roll" at 80%+ rates.
Translation: "Show me the money, not another fund."
Why this is happening:
2021 valuations looked great on paper. Then 2022-2024 crashed them.
LPs learned: IRR (paper gains) β DPI (actual cash returned).
The shift:
Before: "Our fund has a 45% IRR!" (impressive on paper)
Now: "What's your DPI?" (how much cash did you actually return?)
What this means for you:
When evaluating investments, ask:
β "What's the path to liquidity?"
β "When do I actually get cash?"
β "Is this based on real transactions or paper marks?"
2. AI Funding Concentration Reaches Extreme Levels
The numbers:
US accounted for:
85% of global AI funding
53% of AI deals
4 of the 7 largest AI rounds globally

But here's the problem:
Only companies with "the strongest competitive positions" are getting funded outside of AI.
What VCs are saying:
"AI wrappers are dead. Infrastructure and vertical workflows are what matter now." β Multiple top-tier VCs
The pattern:
Sectors getting funded:
β AI infrastructure (chips, compute, platforms)
β Defense tech (geopolitical tensions)
β Healthcare AI (provider margin pressure)
β Cybersecurity (digital identity, fraud detection)
Sectors struggling:
β Consumer AI apps (commoditized by foundation models)
β Horizontal SaaS without AI moat
β Crypto (down 13% YoY in Feb)
Recent examples:
Wayve (UK): $1.2B Series D for autonomous driving
Backers: Mercedes, Stellantis
Why it worked: Real partnerships with automakers, deployed tech
MatX (US): $500M for AI chips
Why it worked: 10x performance vs GPUs, breaks Nvidia monopoly
The lesson: Infrastructure beats applications. Real tech beats wrappers.
3. Secondary Markets Are Becoming Mainstream
The stat:
Only 2% of unicorn market value trades on secondary markets.

For context:
That's massively underpenetrated compared to other asset classes.
What's changing in 2026:
Secondary transactions are becoming a "core liquidity tool" for VCs, not a last resort.
Why:
Hold periods are extending. Average time from Series A to IPO: 8-10 years now vs 4-6 years in 2010s.
Companies stay private longer = investors need liquidity before IPO.
How secondaries work:
Example:
You invested in Stripe Series C in 2018 at $20B valuation.
2026: Stripe is worth $70B but still private.
Secondary buyer offers you $60B valuation (15% discount).
You sell 50% of position β Lock in 3x gain β Hold other 50% for IPO.
Real deals this week:
Tabby (UAE): $160M Series E at $4.5B (secondary component)
Bending Spoons (Italy): $170M at $11B (partial secondary)
Plaid (US): Employee liquidity round at $8B
Why this matters:
If you're holding late-stage private investments, secondary markets give you an exit BEFORE IPO.
QUICK HITS
π° Pilot launches $250K Growth Fund
Non-dilutive capital for startups. No equity given up. Revenue-based repayment.
π Wayve (autonomous driving) raises $1.2B
Mercedes + Stellantis backed. Launching commercial deployments 2026-2027.
π³ ID.me (digital identity) hits $2B valuation
$300M+ round. Cybersecurity is the new infrastructure play.
π§π· Latin America exits heating up
Conta Azul acquired for $300M by Visma. Contabilizei secondary at $125M.
π Crypto funding down 13% YoY
$883M raised in Feb 2026 vs $1.02B in Feb 2025. VCs want revenue, not speculation.
WHAT WE'RE WATCHING
Late March: Starship test flight
If successful: Opens $500B+ in new space markets
If fails: $1.5T SpaceX IPO becomes $800B-1T
April-May: OpenAI IPO rumors
Reports of $750B-830B valuation target
Q2 2026: Fed rate decisions
More cuts = more M&A activity = more liquidity for private markets
THE PATTERN NOBODY'S TALKING ABOUT
Here's what's actually happening in private markets:
1. Concentration at the top
5% of startups get 80% of funding (Pareto's Law in action).
2. Quality over quantity
Investors prioritize:
Strong unit economics
Actual revenue (not just growth)
Defensible moats
3. Liquidity is king
LPs want cash distributions, not paper gains.
Secondaries are becoming essential, not optional.
4. AI infrastructure > AI applications
Apps get commoditized. Infrastructure compounds.
The 2026 playbook:
If you're investing:
β Focus on late-stage companies with real revenue
β Ask about liquidity paths (secondary markets, IPO timeline)
β Demand DPI data, not just IRR
β Prioritize infrastructure over applications
If you're building:
β Unit economics matter more than growth rate
β Revenue beats valuation
β Infrastructure > wrapper
BY THE NUMBERS
$160B β Secondary market transactions (2025)
85% β US share of global AI funding
20% β Continuation vehicles as % of 2026 distributions
8-10 years β Average time from Series A to IPO (2026)
2% β Unicorn market value traded on secondaries (massively underpenetrated)
WHAT THIS MEANS FOR YOU
If you invest in private markets:
The game has changed. Paper gains don't count anymore.
3 questions to ask on every deal:
What's the path to liquidity? (IPO, M&A, secondary?)
What's the DPI of this fund/manager? (actual cash returned)
Does this have real revenue and unit economics?
If you're sitting on private investments:
Secondary markets are your friend. Don't wait for IPO if you want liquidity now.
If you're tracking the market:
Watch for:
More IPOs in Q2-Q3 2026 (window is opening)
Secondary pricing to tighten (early movers win)
AI infrastructure continues to dominate
ONE THING TO REMEMBER
The 2021 era is officially over.
Easy money: gone
Growth-at-all-costs: dead
Paper valuations: don't matter
The new reality:
Revenue, unit economics, and actual cash distributions are what count.
If you can't adapt to this, 2026 will be painful.
If you can, there's never been a better time to invest in quality private companies.
Alberto
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WHAT WE'RE READING
Wellington Management: 2026 VC Outlook
Cambridge Associates: Private Equity Views
Crunchbase: Top VC Predictions for 2026